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The following example provides a possible formulation of stacks by means of a generic package. The size of each stack and the type of the stack elements are provided as generic formal parameters.
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generic
Size : Positive;
type Item is private;
package Stack is
procedure Push(E : in Item);
procedure Pop (E : out Item);
Overflow, Underflow : exception;
end Stack;
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package body Stack is
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type Table is array (Positive range <>) of Item;
Space : Table(1 .. Size);
Index : Natural := 0;
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procedure Push(E : in Item) is
begin
if Index >= Size then
raise Overflow;
end if;
Index := Index + 1;
Space(Index) := E;
end Push;
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procedure Pop(E : out Item) is
begin
if Index = 0 then
raise Underflow;
end if;
E := Space(Index);
Index := Index − 1;
end Pop;
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end Stack;
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Instances of this generic package can be obtained as follows:
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package Stack_Int is new Stack(Size => 200, Item => Integer);
package Stack_Bool is new Stack(100, Boolean);
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Thereafter, the procedures of the instantiated packages can be called as follows:
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Stack_Int.Push(N);
Stack_Bool.Push(True);
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Alternatively, a generic formulation of the type Stack can be given as follows (package body omitted):
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generic
type Item is private;
package On_Stacks is
type Stack(Size : Positive) is limited private;
procedure Push(S : in out Stack; E : in Item);
procedure Pop (S : in out Stack; E : out Item);
Overflow, Underflow : exception;
private
type Table is array (Positive range <>) of Item;
type Stack(Size : Positive) is
record
Space : Table(1 .. Size);
Index : Natural := 0;
end record;
end On_Stacks;
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In order to use such a package, an instance has to be created and thereafter stacks of the corresponding type can be declared:
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declare
package Stack_Real is new On_Stacks(Real); use Stack_Real;
S : Stack(100);
begin
...
Push(S, 2.54);
...
end;